Keywords
nuclear weapons, deterrence, nuclear proliferation, proliferation
Abstract
This paper explores the role of nuclear weapons in international security,
focusing on the failures of nuclear non-proliferation efforts and the strategic
stability offered by deterrence. Despite the adoption of the Nuclear Non-
Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1968, nuclear proliferation remains a pressing issue,
with certain states acquiring nuclear capabilities despite global efforts to contain
them. By examining case studies of countries such as Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, China,
and North Korea, the paper examines how loopholes, enforcement challenges, and
vague compliance criteria have undermined the NPT’s effectiveness. Additionally,
this study argues that nuclear weapons have acted as a method of deterrence to
direct conflict in historically volatile regions, particularly in South Asia, where the
introduction of nuclear arsenals has contributed to stability between rivals like
India and Pakistan. By contrasting non-proliferation failures with instances where
nuclear deterrence has promoted and preserved peace, this research suggests that
nuclear weapons, though undeniably destructive, can also serve as "weapons of
stability" by preventing large-scale conflicts. The research provides insights into
the complex relationship between nuclear proliferation, deterrence, and global
security, highlighting the role and strategic benefit of nuclear deterrence.
Primary Advisor
Andrew Richter
Program Reader
Tom Najem
Degree Name
Master of Arts
Department
Political Science
Document Type
Major Research Paper
Convocation Year
2025