Date of Award

5-16-2024

Publication Type

Thesis

Degree Name

M.Sc.

Department

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Keywords

Beta-glucan;Cordyceps;Extraction;Ganoderma lucidum;Hericium erinaceus;Tincture

Supervisor

John Trant

Abstract

Medicinal fungi, notably Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane), and Cordyceps species., have been esteemed in traditional medicine for their therapeutic properties such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti hypercholesterolemic effects, driven by an array of bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, proteins, terpenes, sterols, and vitamins. This investigation sought to refine methodologies for the extraction of nutraceuticals from these medicinal mushrooms, evaluating the efficiency of maceration versus ultrasound-assisted maceration. The study further compared the efficacy of ethanol and water as solvents under optimized extraction durations and temperatures. It was determined that optimal conditions for the extraction of β-glucan were 45 minutes at 45°C for Reishi using sonicated-assisted extraction, 60 minutes at 35°C for Lion’s Mane in a water bath, and 45 minutes at 80°C for Cordyceps in a sonicated-assisted extraction. Quantitative analyses under these conditions revealed notable findings: ultrasound-assisted maceration extraction of Reishi yielded significant quantities of β -glucan (8.82 ± 0.27 g/100g), protein (0.73 ± 0.01 mg/mL), ergosterol (103.98 ± 2.57 µg/mL), vitamin D2 (5.25 ± 0.32 µg/mL), and ganoderic acid A (173.965 ± 3.182 µg/mL). Lion’s Mane, underwater bath-assisted extraction at optimized extraction time and temperature, exhibited appreciable levels of β -glucan (5.87 ± 0.15 g/100g), protein (0.94 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ergosterol (317.07 ± 14.06 µg/mL), along with vitamin D2 (186.14 ± 4.6 µg/mL). Similarly, Cordyceps subjected to sonication-assisted extraction demonstrated significant β -glucan content (7.25 ± 0.13 g/100g), protein (0.502 ± 0.017 mg/mL), ergosterol (19.6 ± 2.23 µg/mL), and vitamin D2 (13.28 ± 0.6 µg/mL). Comparative analyses of protein concentrations and β -glucan content indicated that Reishi extracts possessed the highest β -glucan levels, while Lion’s Mane extracts were superior in soluble protein, ergosterol, and vitamin D2 content. Fresh samples exhibited enhanced antioxidant capacities, underscoring the potential impact of extraction techniques on the preservation of bioactive compounds.

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