Distributed energy resources have grown significantly in Canada and the world over the past decade, particularly in the agricultural sector. As P2P (peer-to-peer) energy trading plays a fundamental role in renewable energy uptake and system flexibility for the low-carbon energy transition, this paper provides an overview of this approach from a techno-economic standpoint for two greenhouses located in Leamington, Ontario. The real-time site solar irradiation, ambient temperature, and load demand over 8760 h have been utilized to drive the designs. In this investigation, two cases are assessed for pepper greenhouse: Case I: energy purchase from the grid and Case II: energy purchase from excess energy of neighbor which is cucumber-tomato greenhouse. The integration of 50 kW PV/1 kWh battery/35 kW converter achieves the feasibility criteria by recording net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE), which are $29.6k and $0.044/kWh, respectively.

Research on the energy consumption of buildings has become increasingly important due to the growing global population and depleting energy resources. This study focuses on modeling the energy usage of an office building by examining the various parameters that influence its electricity consumption. An existing office building located in Philadelphia is selected as a reference for simulation, and the simulated results and measured values are compared. The parameters that affect the building, such as ambient temperature, solar radiation, building envelope, wind speed, and other internal gains, are discussed and defined. To verify the model, a transient simulation is run for sinusoidal ambient weather data for 180 hours, with a timestep of 15 minutes. The thermal mass and thermal resistance of the building envelope cause the expected delay and attenuation in the indoor temperature and indoor power demand. The building is then subjected to real case inputs from the actual office building for predictive modeling. The simulation output is compared with the measured power consumption data from the literature, which is provided for each month over the course of a full year (2004). To account for the variability of a building's infiltration rate over a year, the results are plotted for two different infiltration values: 0.25 ACH and 0.85 ACH. It is found that the simulated results for the two infiltration values provided are within the range of the measured values. This study provides valuable information on the factors that affect the energy usage of office buildings. The simulation results demonstrate the predictability of modeling an office building energy usage. As part of future work, this model will be employed to perform a sensitivity analysis on energy consumption for each parameter, with the aim of pinpointing the parameter that exerts the most substantial influence.

Exhaust gases emitted by heat sources must be discharged into the atmosphere in the most dependable manner possible without endangering human health. This is possible because the chimneys are connected to the heat source. There are some guidelines for locating chimneys in relation to existing structures, determining the minimum height, and calculating the chimney section. The performance of the heat source is also directly affected by the correct sizing of the chimneys. The large diameter of the chimney at a fixed height causes hot air inside the heat source to be thrown into the atmosphere more than necessary, resulting in incomplete combustion formation and additional cost. A small chimney diameter affects the device's combustion performance and causes efficiency loss. The ideal chimney diameter should be chosen with the existing conditions in mind. There are numerous calculation programs available for checking chimney diameter on a computer. In this study, the performances of chimney building materials and chimney type alternatives that can be used for the most environmental chimney design in a planned building in Malatya province of Turkey were investigated. Boilers for the building are designed as solid fuel (coal). The calculations have been expanded so that the boiler capacities are between 100.000 kcal/h and 250.000 kcal/h, taking into account the variability of the usable energy amounts in the planned building. The analysis was carried out for comparison using the Kesa-aladin calculation program, which was accepted by Europe

The amount of solar and background radiation absorbed by birds vary according to their wing shape, pigmentation, porosity, etc. Birds are equipped with unique features to thrive, including attracting opposite sex, regulating body temperatures, and soaring in the sky. The research focuses on solar/sky radiation by examining how NACA0012 airfoil, representing the wing of a bird, performs when its upper surface temperature is higher or lower than the surrounding air. This is realised by performing 2-dimensional simulations in OpenFOAM at a Reynolds Number of 33,000, where Spalart-Allmaras model is used to simulate the flow turbulence. The upper surface of the airfoil is warmed to 330 K and cooled to 270 K at a pressure of 1 atm, an ambient temperature of 300 K, and a Mach number of 0.0725. The results illustrate the airfoil with the cooler top surface exhibits a lower drag and higher lift than its warmer top surface counterpart. A maximum reduction of drag coefficient from 0.065 to 0.061 and increase in lift coefficient from 0.89 to 0.93 at an angle of attack 11° are achieved. In short, tuning the upper surface of NACA0012 airfoil to temperatures lower than the ambient provides better aerodynamic performance.