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2022
Saturday, January 1st
12:00 AM

Greenhouse electrification via transactive energy management strategy

Reza Babaei, University of Windsor
David S-K Ting, University of Windsor
Rupp Carriveau, University of Windsor

Windsor, Canada

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Distributed energy resources have grown significantly in Canada and the world over the past decade, particularly in the agricultural sector. As P2P (peer-to-peer) energy trading plays a fundamental role in renewable energy uptake and system flexibility for the low-carbon energy transition, this paper provides an overview of this approach from a techno-economic standpoint for two greenhouses located in Leamington, Ontario. The real-time site solar irradiation, ambient temperature, and load demand over 8760 h have been utilized to drive the designs. In this investigation, two cases are assessed for pepper greenhouse: Case I: energy purchase from the grid and Case II: energy purchase from excess energy of neighbor which is cucumber-tomato greenhouse. The integration of 50 kW PV/1 kWh battery/35 kW converter achieves the feasibility criteria by recording net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE), which are $29.6k and $0.044/kWh, respectively.

Tuesday, June 21st
12:00 AM

Studying the Influential Parameters in an Office Building’s Energy Consumption

Naveen R.K.S. Bhoopal, University of Windsor
Jacqueline A. Stagner, University of Windsor
David S-K Ting, University of Windsor

Windsor, Ontario

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Research on the energy consumption of buildings has become increasingly important due to the growing global population and depleting energy resources. This study focuses on modeling the energy usage of an office building by examining the various parameters that influence its electricity consumption. An existing office building located in Philadelphia is selected as a reference for simulation, and the simulated results and measured values are compared. The parameters that affect the building, such as ambient temperature, solar radiation, building envelope, wind speed, and other internal gains, are discussed and defined. To verify the model, a transient simulation is run for sinusoidal ambient weather data for 180 hours, with a timestep of 15 minutes. The thermal mass and thermal resistance of the building envelope cause the expected delay and attenuation in the indoor temperature and indoor power demand. The building is then subjected to real case inputs from the actual office building for predictive modeling. The simulation output is compared with the measured power consumption data from the literature, which is provided for each month over the course of a full year (2004). To account for the variability of a building's infiltration rate over a year, the results are plotted for two different infiltration values: 0.25 ACH and 0.85 ACH. It is found that the simulated results for the two infiltration values provided are within the range of the measured values. This study provides valuable information on the factors that affect the energy usage of office buildings. The simulation results demonstrate the predictability of modeling an office building energy usage. As part of future work, this model will be employed to perform a sensitivity analysis on energy consumption for each parameter, with the aim of pinpointing the parameter that exerts the most substantial influence.

Thursday, June 23rd
12:00 AM

A Simulation supported chimney design application for greener buildings

Figen Balo, Firat (Euphrates) University
Ahmet Karahan, Firat (Euphrates) University
Lutfu S. Sua, Southern University and A&M College

Windsor, Ontario

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Exhaust gases emitted by heat sources must be discharged into the atmosphere in the most dependable manner possible without endangering human health. This is possible because the chimneys are connected to the heat source. There are some guidelines for locating chimneys in relation to existing structures, determining the minimum height, and calculating the chimney section. The performance of the heat source is also directly affected by the correct sizing of the chimneys. The large diameter of the chimney at a fixed height causes hot air inside the heat source to be thrown into the atmosphere more than necessary, resulting in incomplete combustion formation and additional cost. A small chimney diameter affects the device's combustion performance and causes efficiency loss. The ideal chimney diameter should be chosen with the existing conditions in mind. There are numerous calculation programs available for checking chimney diameter on a computer. In this study, the performances of chimney building materials and chimney type alternatives that can be used for the most environmental chimney design in a planned building in Malatya province of Turkey were investigated. Boilers for the building are designed as solid fuel (coal). The calculations have been expanded so that the boiler capacities are between 100.000 kcal/h and 250.000 kcal/h, taking into account the variability of the usable energy amounts in the planned building. The analysis was carried out for comparison using the Kesa-aladin calculation program, which was accepted by Europe

Energy intensity of human transportation

William Lubitz, University of Guelph

Windsor, Ontario

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Humans are a mobile species, and transportation technology has been one of the primary enablers of our current shared, globally-connected society. Transportation is also one of the largest categories of human energy use, and this energy use correlates with a diverse range of environmental impacts. Different modes of transportation have different energy intensities, with increasing speed being associated with greater energy intensity. This study reviews the fundamental relationships and energy requirements of human-powered and wheeled ground transportation. Relevant data for modeling energy efficiency of walked, running and wheeled transport in the context of engineering design are compiled and presented. It is shown that increasing energy intensity facilitates greater speed and movement of more people. In general, people are able to travel anywhere at any speed, if they are willing and able to pay the energy price. At the same time, a willingness to accept reduced speeds would greatly reduce the energy intensity and environmental impact of transportation. Finally, several design implications for low energy ground transportation are examined in the context of energy efficiency.

Engineering: Cleaning Water, Producing Food, Building Shelters

Graham T. Reader Dr., University of Windsor

Windsor, Ontario

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Human survival requires that we drink water, eat food, breath sufficiently oxygenated air, and enjoy a safe shelter. Historically, shelter was perhaps the most important since, as hunter-gathers, wild animals, fish, and uncultivated plants provided the food sources while rivers, streams, lakes, and surface pools supplied the drinking water. Shelter protected against the vagaries of weather, climate, and possible animal attacks, including other humans. In the provision of these needs, artisans, skilled trades, technicians, and engineers have played pivotal roles since erect human beings first populated the Earth. In a global survey seven out of ten people think engineers’ societal contributions are undervalued and largely unrecognized. However, the same people also believe engineering’s first priority is to solve the world’s problems by 2035, including improving renewable energy and healthcare, and they are equally expectant that as the global population continues to increase, water, food, and housing scarcities can be addressed by engineering. These challenging responsibilities, long familiar to engineering undertakings, invariably encountered political, cultural, geographical, and economic obstacles in the pursuit of providing societies with acceptable, sustainable, and affordable solutions. In this paper, the challenges faced, both in the past and now, by engineering with regard to improving drinking water quality, increasing food quantity and quantity, and providing adequate housing are discussed along with some observations on how and why some of the present obstacles may be exacerbated in the future

Investigating the ecological efficiency of widely utilized bio-sourced insulation materials in the building lifecycle

Figen Balo, Firat (Euphrates) University
Lutfu Sagbansua, Southern University and A&M College

Windsor, Ontario

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

Because of rising pollutant emissions, potential global warming results, and rising energy demands, environmentally friendly and renewable building insulation materials are increasing in popularity. The changes in fossil-based energy resource prices, climate variation, and ecological menaces have resulted in important requisitions for bio-sourced and renewable materials, with building products accounting for an important volume. The building sector has important social, environmental, and financial effects. C-footprint of 15 insulating materials was investigated to compare the ecological efficiency of a building over its entire lifecycle. The values calculated were crosschecked with the thermal insulation’s real impact. The benchmark was made with the ecological effect evaluation rating by accounting for each material’s density and also variances in thermal conductivity degree. This research characterizes how to choose the most environment-friendly construction insulating material from the present alternatives based on a series of qualitative and quantitative parameters. It is suggested that the analytic hierarchy process be used to evaluate options and select the best option. The article presents the findings of a search for the most environmentally friendly bio-sourced thermal insulating material for buildings.

Saturday, June 25th
12:00 AM

Bio-inspired study of thermal effects on NACA0012 airfoil at Reynolds Number of 33,000

Mohd Sahil Aktar, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka
David S-K Ting, University of Windsor
Jagannathan T. Kalathi, National Institute of Technology Karnataka

Windsor, Ontario

12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

The amount of solar and background radiation absorbed by birds vary according to their wing shape, pigmentation, porosity, etc. Birds are equipped with unique features to thrive, including attracting opposite sex, regulating body temperatures, and soaring in the sky. The research focuses on solar/sky radiation by examining how NACA0012 airfoil, representing the wing of a bird, performs when its upper surface temperature is higher or lower than the surrounding air. This is realised by performing 2-dimensional simulations in OpenFOAM at a Reynolds Number of 33,000, where Spalart-Allmaras model is used to simulate the flow turbulence. The upper surface of the airfoil is warmed to 330 K and cooled to 270 K at a pressure of 1 atm, an ambient temperature of 300 K, and a Mach number of 0.0725. The results illustrate the airfoil with the cooler top surface exhibits a lower drag and higher lift than its warmer top surface counterpart. A maximum reduction of drag coefficient from 0.065 to 0.061 and increase in lift coefficient from 0.89 to 0.93 at an angle of attack 11° are achieved. In short, tuning the upper surface of NACA0012 airfoil to temperatures lower than the ambient provides better aerodynamic performance.